Phonon Dynamics in Spherically-Curved Analog-Gravity Bose-Einstein Condensates
arXiv:2508.03683 · doi:10.1140/epjc/s10052-026-15884-w
Abstract
We study the low energy phonon dynamics of a Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) with a density profile that is equivalent, via a coordinate transformation, to phonons traveling in a \lq\lq spherical\rq\rq\ curved spacetime that realizes the Friedman-Lemaître-Robertson-Walker (FLRW) metric. The metric of this BEC is characterized by its curvature and a time-depdendent scale factor , with an increase in the latter corresponding to an expansion of the analog FLRW universe. We study the propagation of classical phonons in such BECs, finding that a sudden change in the scale factor induces ripples in the wave motion. In addition, we study quantum phonon creation (or vacuum amplification) due to the scale-factor modification and quantify their entanglement.
14 pages, 9 figures
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