A priori Hölder estimates for equations degenerating on nodal sets

Abstract

We prove a priori Hölder bounds for continuous solutions to degenerate equations with variable coefficients of type $$ \mathrm{div}\left(u^2 A\nabla w\right)=0\quad\mathrm{in \ }Ω\subset\mathbb R^n,\qquad \mbox{with}\qquad \mathrm{div}\left(A\nabla u\right)=0, $$ where $A$ is a Lipschitz continuous, uniformly elliptic matrix (possibly $u$ has non-trivial singular nodal set). Such estimates are uniform with respect to $u$ in a class of normalized solutions that have a bounded Almgren frequency. As a consequence, a boundary Harnack principle holds for the quotient of two solutions vanishing on a common set. This analysis relies on a detailed study of the associated weighted Sobolev spaces, including integrability of the weight, capacitary properties of the nodal set, and uniform Sobolev inequalities yielding local boundedness of solutions.

27 pages, 1 figure. This paper was originally part of the paper "A priori regularity estimates for equations degenerating on nodal sets", arXiv:2404.06980