Wigner quasi-probability distribution for symmetric multi-quDit systems and their generalized heat kernel

Abstract

For a symmetric $N$-quDit system described by a density matrix $\ddot{I}$, we construct a one-parameter $s$ family ${\mathcal{F}}_{\ddot{I}}^{(s)}$ of quasi-probability distributions through generalized Fano multipole operators and Stratonovich-Weyl kernels. The corresponding phase space is the complex projective $C{P}^{D-1}=U(D)/U(D-1)\times U(1)$, related to fully symmetric irreducible representations of the unitary group $U(D)$. For the particular cases $D=2$ (qubits) and $D=3$ (qutrits), we analyze the phase-space structure of Schrödinger $U(D)$-spin cat (parity adapted coherent) states and we provide plots of the corresponding Wigner ${\mathcal{F}}_{\ddot{I}}^{(0)}$ function. We examine the connection between non-classical behavior and the negativity of the Wigner function. We also compute the generalized heat kernel relating two quasi-probability distributions ${\mathcal{F}}_{\ddot{I}}^{(s)}$ and ${\mathcal{F}}_{\ddot{I}}^{(s^{\prime })}$, with $t=(s^{\prime }-s)/2$ playing the role of ``time'', together with their twisted Moyal product in terms of a trikernel. In the thermodynamic limit $N\to \infty$, we recover the usual Gaussian smoothing for $s^{\prime }>s$. A diagramatic interpretation of the phase-space construction in terms of Young tableaux is also provided.

15 pages, 20 figures