A scalable quantum-neural hybrid variational algorithm for ground state estimation

Abstract

We propose the unitary variational quantum-neural hybrid eigensolver (U-VQNHE), which improves upon the original VQNHE by enforcing unitary neural transformations. The non-unitary nature of VQNHE causes normalization issues and divergence of the loss function during training, leading to exponential scaling of measurement overhead with qubit number. U-VQNHE resolves these issues, significantly reduces required measurements, and retains improved accuracy and stability over standard variational quantum eigensolvers.

Superseded by arXiv:2602.17295. Readers should refer to that manuscript instead of the present article. Version v3 contains no scientific changes and updates only the comments