paper

Biquandle Virtual Brackets and Virtual Knotoids

arXiv:2507.07612

Abstract

In this paper, we introduce invariants of virtual knotoids based on biquandles and biquandle virtual brackets. We show that one of these invariants, namely biquandle virtual bracket matrix, is a proper enhancement of the other invariants introduced in this paper.

24 pages, 16 figures

Biquandle Virtual Brackets and Virtual Knotoids · wovepaper