Algebraic Criterion and Graph-Theoretic Construction of Intrinsic Superconducting Diode Effects
arXiv:2507.04876 · doi:10.1103/nj28-lj7k
Abstract
The intrinsic superconducting diode effect (SDE) is distinguished from the Josephson diode effect (JDE) by its manifestation of nonreciprocal critical current phenomena within a monolithic superconductor, typically linked to finite-momentum Cooper pairing. The long-standing assumption that SDE requires co-breaking of time-reversal and inversion symmetries proves to be necessary but not sufficient. In this work, we propose a universal diagnostic criterion for intrinsic SDE, expressed as two inequalities evaluated directly from the bare Hamiltonian. This criterion further reveals a graph-theoretic construction for nonreciprocal models, offering design principles that extend beyond superconductivity.
22 pages, 9 figures, comments are welcome
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