The nilpotent graph of a finite0-dimensional Lie algebra

Abstract

Let $L$ be a finite-dimensional Lie algebra over a field $F$. In This paper we introduce the \emph{nilpotent graph} ${\Gamma }_{\mathfrak{N}}(L)$ as the graph whose vertices are the elements of $L \setminus \nil(L)$, where \[\nil(L) = \{x \in L \mid \langle x, y \rangle \text{ is nilpotent for all } y \in L\},\] and where two vertices $x,y$ are adjacent if the Lie subalgebra they generate is nilpotent. We give some characterizations of $\nil(L)$ and its connection with the hypercenter $Z^{\ast }(L)$, for example, they are equal when $F$ has characteristic zero. We prove that the nilpotentizer behaves well under direct sums, allowing a decomposition of ${\Gamma }_{\mathfrak{N}}(L)$ between components. The paper also investigates the structural and combinatorial properties of ${\Gamma }_{\mathfrak{N}}(L)$, including the conditions under which the graph is connected. We characterize the existence of strongly self-centralizing subalgebras in relation to connectivity and vertex isolation. Explicit computations are carried out for the algebra $\mathfrak{t}(2,{\mathbb{F}}_q)$, where ${\Gamma }_{\mathfrak{N}}(L)$ decomposes into $q+1$ components, each of size $q(q-1)$, forming a $(q^2-q-1)$-regular graph. We conclude with algorithms for constructing ${\Gamma }_{\mathfrak{N}}(L)$ in SageMath, and pose open problems concerning bipartiteness, regularity, and structural implications in higher dimensions over finite fields.