Liouvillian and Hamiltonian exceptional points of atomic vapors: The spectral signatures of quantum jumps
arXiv:2506.02902 · doi:10.1103/zxw5-nlsn
Abstract
We investigate spectral singularities in an alkali-metal atomic vapor modeled using four and effectively three hyperfine states. By comparing the eigenvalue spectra of a non-Hermitian Hamiltonian (NHH) and a Liouvillian superoperator, we analyze the emergence and characteristics of both semiclassical and quantum exceptional points. Our results reveal that, for atomic systems, the NHH approach alone may be insufficient to fully capture the system's spectral properties. While NHHs can yield accurate predictions in certain regimes, a comprehensive description typically requires the Liouvillian formalism, which governs the Lindblad master equation and explicitly incorporates quantum jump processes responsible for repopulation dynamics. We demonstrate that the inclusion of quantum jumps fundamentally alters the spectral structure of the system. In particular, we present examples in which the existence, location in parameter space, or even the order of spectral degeneracies differ significantly between the two approaches, thereby highlighting the impact of quantum jumps and the limitations of the NHH method. Finally, using the hybrid-Liouvillian formalism, we show how quantum jumps reshape spectral features initially predicted by the NHH, ultimately determining the full Liouvillian spectrum.
References in corpus (62)
- Real Spectra in Non-Hermitian Hamiltonians Having PT Symmetry
- Quantum phase transition from a superfluid to a Mott insulator in a gas of ultracold atoms
- Making Sense of Non-Hermitian Hamiltonians
- Optical Magnetometry
- The physics of exceptional points
- Topological energy transfer in an optomechanical system with exceptional points
- Ultra-high sensitivity magnetic field and magnetization measurements with an atomic magnetometer
- Experimental Study of Active LRC Circuits with PT-Symmetries
- Spawning rings of exceptional points out of Dirac cones
- PT-Symmetric Phonon Laser
- Observation of non-Hermitian degeneracies in a chaotic exciton-polariton billiard
- Nuclear spin gyroscope based on an atomic co-magnetometer
- Anti-Parity-Time Symmetric Optics via Flying Atoms
- Symmetries and conserved quantities in Lindblad master equations
- Quantum exceptional points of non-Hermitian Hamiltonians and Liouvillians: The effects of quantum jumps
- Quantum state tomography across the exceptional point in a single dissipative qubit
- Repulsion of Resonance States and Exceptional Points
- The emergence, coalescence and topological properties of multiple exceptional points and their experimental realization
- Qudit Quantum State Tomography
- Observation of Parity-Time Symmetry in Optically Induced Atomic Lattices
- Optomechanically-Induced Transparency in partiy-time-symmetric microresonators
- Effective operator formalism for open quantum systems
- Polarized alkali vapor with minute-long transverse spin-relaxation time
- High-order exceptional points in optomechanics
- Hybrid-Liouvillian formalism connecting exceptional points of non-Hermitian Hamiltonians and Liouvillians via postselection of quantum trajectories
- Quantum memory for entangled two-mode squeezed states
- Coalescence of spectral singularities and phase diagrams for one-dimensional PT symmetric photonic crystals
- Quantum jumps in the non-Hermitian dynamics of a superconducting qubit
- PT-Symmetric Plasmonic Metamaterials
- Analysis of quantum semigroups with GKS--Lindblad generators II. General
- Exceptional contours and band structure design in parity-time symmetric photonic crystals
- Effective spontaneous PT-symmetry breaking in hybridized metamaterials
- Exceptional Points in Random-Defect Phonon Lasers
- Non-Hermitian Hamiltonians and no-go theorems in quantum information
- Search for topological defect dark matter with a global network of optical magnetometers
- Dynamical Control of Quantum Heat Engines Using Exceptional Points
- Decoherence Induced Exceptional Points in a Dissipative Superconducting Qubit
- Light-Matter Quantum Interface
- Measurement-induced nonlocal entanglement in a hot, strongly-interacting atomic system
- Observation of Exceptional Points in Thermal Atomic Ensembles
- Signatures of Liouvillian exceptional points in a quantum thermal machine
- Dynamically crossing diabolic points while encircling exceptional curves: A programmable symmetric-asymmetric multimode switch
- Low-frequency vacuum squeezing via polarization self-rotation in Rb vapor
- Enhancement of quantum heat engine by encircling a Liouvillian exceptional point
- Exceptional points of the Lindblad operator of a two-level system
- Non-Dissipative Non-Hermitian Dynamics and Exceptional Points in Coupled Optical Parametric Oscillators
- Optomechanical interactions in non-Hermitian photonic molecules
- Flattening the Curve with Einstein's Quantum Elevator: Hermitization of Non-Hermitian Hamiltonians via a Generalized Vielbein Formalism
- Spectral Phase Transitions in Optical Parametric Oscillators
- Lindblad Tomography of a Superconducting Quantum Processor
- Long-lived entanglement generation of nuclear spins using coherent light
- Non-Markovian Quantum Exceptional Points
- Response of atomic spin-based sensors to magnetic and nonmagnetic perturbations
- Collectively induced exceptional points of quantum emitters coupled to nanoparticle surface plasmons
- Experimental Liouvillian exceptional points in a quantum system without Hamiltonian singularities
- Emergent parallel transport and curvature in Hermitian and non-Hermitian quantum mechanics
- Wavelength-scale Optical Parametric Oscillators
- Chiral quantum heating and cooling with an optically controlled ion
- Anomalous noise spectra in a spin-exchange-relaxation-free alkali-metal vapor
- Constraining work fluctuations of non-Hermitian dynamics across the exceptional point of a superconducting qubit
- Optimized experimental optical tomography of quantum states of room-temperature alkali-metal vapor
- Heisenberg and Heisenberg-Like Representations via Hilbert Space Bundle Geometry in the Non-Hermitian Regime