Subsystem Symmetry-Protected Topological Phases from Subsystem SymTFT of 2-Foliated Exotic Tensor Gauge Theory

Abstract

Symmetry topological field theory (SymTFT), or topological holography, posits a correspondence between symmetries in a $d$-dimensional theory and topological order in a $(d+1)$-dimensional theory. In this work, we extend this framework to subsystem symmetries and develop subsystem SymTFT as a systematic tool to characterize and classify subsystem symmetry-protected topological (SSPT) phases. For $(2+1)$D gapped phases, we introduce a 2-foliated $(3+1)$D exotic tensor gauge theory (which is equivalent to 2-foliated $(3+1)$D BF theory via exotic duality) as the subsystem SymTFT and systematically analyze its topological boundary conditions and linearly rigid subsystem symmetries. Taking subsystem symmetry groups $G={\mathbb{Z}}_N$ and $G={\mathbb{Z}}_N\times {\mathbb{Z}}_M$ as examples, we demonstrate how to recover the classification scheme $\mathcal{C}[G]=H^2(G^{\times 2},U(1))/{\left(H^2(G,U(1))\right)}^3$, which was previously derived by examining topological invariant under linear subsystem-symmetric local unitary transformations in the lattice Hamiltonian formalism. To illustrate the correspondence between field-theoretic and lattice descriptions, we further analyze ${\mathbb{Z}}_2\times {\mathbb{Z}}_2$ and ${\mathbb{Z}}_N\times {\mathbb{Z}}_M$ cluster state models as concrete examples.

v1: 59 pages; v2: minor revision made

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• Spacetime symmetry-enriched SymTFT: from LSM anomalies to modulated symmetries and beyond
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