Intrinsic Attractive and Repulsive Interactions: From Classical to Quantum Gases in the Generalized Maxwell-Boltzmann Distribution

Abstract

The thermodynamic parameter space is flat for an ideal classical gas with non-interacting particles. In contrast, for an ideal quantum Bose (Fermi) gas, the thermodynamic curvature is positive (negative), indicating intrinsic attractive (repulsive) interactions. We generalize the classical Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution by employing a generalized form of the exponential function, proposing the Mittag-Leffler Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution within the framework of superstatistics. We demonstrate that the generalization parameter, $\hat{I}\pm$, quantifies the statistical interaction. When $\hat{I}\pm =1$, the distribution coincides with the standard classical Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution, where no statistical interaction is present. For $0<\hat{I}\pm <1$ ($\hat{I}\pm >1$), the statistical interaction is repulsive (attractive), corresponding to a negative (positive) thermodynamic curvature of the system.

12 pages,11 figures