Imprints of octupole collectivity in uranium-238 on relativistic heavy-ion flow observables

Abstract

Some atomic nuclei exhibit enhanced octupole collectivity, reflected in finite reflection-asymmetric multipole correlations rather than necessarily in a rigid static pear-shaped ground state. Low-energy studies indicate finite octupole strength in uranium-238, commonly interpreted as soft or vibrational in nature, in addition to its large prolate quadrupole collectivity~\cite{MCGOWAN1994569,KIBEDI:2002wxc}, in addition to its large prolate quadrupole collectivity. Here we investigate how such octupole correlations can be encoded in the initial geometry of relativistic heavy-ion collisions and mapped to final-state flow observables. Using state-of-the-art hydrodynamic calculations, we demonstrate quantitative sensitivity to octupole-induced features encoded in the initial-state geometry and suggest a modest octupole collectivity in uranium-238, confirmed by the latest high-energy experimental measurements~\cite{STAR:2025elk}. These findings provide as a complementary probe of odd-order nuclear collectivity and help constrain quark-gluon plasma initial conditions.

9 pages, 4 figures