Temperature inhomogeneity in non-equilibrium field theory for electrons in a nanowire: thermodynamic and transport properties
arXiv:2503.14778 · doi:10.1016/j.aop.2025.169996
Abstract
A nanowire with its two ends fixed at two different temperatures by external baths is the simplest example of a fermionic system with a temperature inhomogeneity, and could be an easy platform to study thermodynamic and transport properties of a boundary-driven open quantum system. Starting with a temperature-dependent pseudo free energy derived from an exact reduced density matrix and assuming a small temperature gradient across the wire, we show within perturbation theory that electron dispersion relation and therefore the Fermi distribution becomes and space coordinates dependent, leading to non-linear effects of the temperature inhomogeneity. In particular, we show that in the non-linear response regime, the Widemann-Franz Law for the ratio of thermal and electrical conductivities is generalized, and that the thermopower increases with increasing temperature gradient .
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