Dual Affine Connections, Legendre Transforms, and Black Hole Thermodynamics

Abstract

We bound finite quantum information loss and black-hole entropy increments using a positive scalar response and its variation. On Hessian branches, the integrated cubic norm equals the total variation of logarithmic response. We derive an explicit optimal asymmetry bound under simultaneous response-range and affine logarithmic-slope constraints, including nonmonotone responses; full Legendre duality gives an invariant certificate. For nested intervals in a thermal two-dimensional conformal field theory, known infinite-line modular data express restriction loss as an exact Bregman divergence in temperature squared. We prove complete monotonicity and strict log-convexity of its response. At any fixed positive temperature-squared step, the directed asymmetry uniquely identifies the thermal offset within this family, independently of central charge. This yields attained inverse intervals, a consistency test across accessible fractions and certified Legendre-dual budgets. A benchmark improves the range-only bound by $24.6\%$ and the slope-only bound with the same budget by $2.73\%$. The semiclassical planar Bañados-Teitelboim-Zanelli interpretation concerns exterior thermal scales. For uncertain thermodynamic responses, classical expectation optimization gives sharp entropy constraints at fixed energy increment. In an asymptotically flat Einstein-Maxwell spacetime with a finite cavity, we prove a uniform response envelope for $|q|/R\le 0.1$ on a specified matched large-horizon branch. The exact family gives charge ordering, unique charge-magnitude inference and an entropy test that rejects a response-band-compatible pair with admissible energy. Sharpness concerns the stated response classes; no microstate or dissipative dynamics is inferred.