Fixed point results and the Ekeland variational principle in vector $B$-metric spaces

Abstract

In this paper, we extend the concept of \( b \)-metric spaces to the vectorial case, where the distance is vector-valued, and the constant in the triangle inequality axiom is replaced by a matrix. For such spaces, we establish results analogous to those in the \( b \)-metric setting: fixed-point theorems, stability results, and a variant of Ekeland's variational principle. As a consequence, we also derive a variant of Caristi's fixed-point theorem