Leading and beyond leading-order spectral form factor in chaotic quantum many-body systems across all Dyson symmetry classes

Abstract

We show the emergence of random matrix theory (RMT) spectral correlations in the chaotic phase of generic periodically kicked interacting quantum many-body systems by analytically calculating spectral form factor (SFF), $K(t)$, up to two leading orders in time, $t$. We explicitly consider the presence or absence of time reversal ($\mathcal{T}$) symmetry to investigate all three Dyson's symmetry classes. Our derivation only assumes random phase approximation to enable ensemble average. For $\mathcal{T}$-invariant systems with ${\mathcal{T}}^2=1$, we show that beyond the Thouless time $t^{\ast }$, the SFF takes the form $K(t)\simeq 2t-2t^2/\mathcal{N}$ up to second order in time, where $\mathcal{N}$ is the Hilbert space dimension. This is identical to the result from circular orthogonal ensemble of RMT. In the absence of $\mathcal{T}$-symmetry, we show that $K(t)\simeq t$ beyond $t^{\ast }$, and there is no universal term in the second order, unlike the ${\mathcal{T}}^2=1$ case, in agreement with the result of circular unitary ensemble. For $\mathcal{T}$-invariant systems with ${\mathcal{T}}^2=-1$, we show that $K(t)\simeq 2t+2t^2/\mathcal{N}$ up to two orders in time beyond $t^{\ast }$, in agreement with the result of circular symplectic ensemble. In all three cases, the system-size, $L$, scaling of $t^{\ast }$ is determined by eigenvalues of a doubly stochastic matrix $\mathcal{M}$. For strongly interacting fermionic chains, $\mathcal{M}$ is $SU(2)$ invariant in all three cases, leading to $t^{\ast }\propto L^2$ in the presence of $U(1)$ symmetry. In the absence of $U(1)$ symmetry, we find $t^{\ast }\propto L^0$, due to gapped non-degenerate second-largest eigenvalue of $\mathcal{M}$ or $t^{\ast }\propto \ln (L)$ due to gapped second-largest eigenvalue with degeneracy $\propto L^{\hat{I}}\P$. Our calculation of SFF is plausible in higher space dimensions as well, where similar system-size scalings of $t^{\ast }$ can be obtained.