Stability of the $\pi$-Flux Phase for ${\mathbb{Z}}_2$ Lattice Gauge Theory Coupled to Fermionic Matter

Abstract

We consider the two-dimensional ${\mathbb{Z}}_2$ Ising gauge theory coupled to fermionic matter. In absence of electric fields, we prove that, at half-filling, the ground state of the gauge theory coincides with the $\pi$-flux phase, associated with magnetic flux equal to $\pi$ in every elementary lattice plaquette, provided the fermionic hopping is large enough. This proves in particular the semimetallic behavior of the ground state of the model. Furthermore, we compute the magnetic susceptibility of the gauge theory, and we prove that it is given by the one of massless $2d$ Dirac fermions, thus rigorously justifying recent numerical computations. The proof is based on reflection positivity and chessboard estimates, and on lattice conservation laws for the computation of the transport coefficient.

61 pages, 11 figures. Minor changes, typos corrected