Supernovae evidence for foundational change to cosmological models

Abstract

We present a new, cosmologically model-independent, statistical analysis of the Pantheon+ type Ia supernovae spectroscopic dataset, improving a standard methodology adopted by Lane et al. We use the Tripp equation for supernova standardisation alone, thereby avoiding any potential correlation in the stretch and colour distributions. We compare the standard homogeneous cosmological model, i.e., $\Lambda$CDM, and the timescape cosmology which invokes backreaction of inhomogeneities. Timescape, while statistically homogeneous and isotropic, departs from average Friedmann-Lema\^ıtre-Robertson-Walker evolution, and replaces dark energy by kinetic gravitational energy and its gradients, in explaining independent cosmological observations. When considering the entire Pantheon+ sample, we find very strong evidence ($\ln B>5$) in favour of timescape over $\Lambda$CDM. Furthermore, even restricting the sample to redshifts beyond any conventional scale of statistical homogeneity, $z>0.075$, timescape is preferred over $\Lambda$CDM with $\ln B>1$. These results provide evidence for a need to revisit the foundations of theoretical and observational cosmology.

6 pages, 3 figures, 1 table; associated RAS press release RAS PR 24/33

References in corpus (7)

• Correcting Type Ia Supernova Distances for Selection Biases and Contamination in Photometrically Identified Samples
• Cosmic clocks, cosmic variance and cosmic averages
• Exact solution to the averaging problem in cosmology
• Anomalies in Physical Cosmology
• Apparent cosmic acceleration from type Ia supernovae
• Cosmological equivalence principle and the weak-field limit
• A Revised SALT2 Surface for Fitting Type Ia Supernova Light Curves