Non-equilibrium dynamics in geometrically frustrated spin glass Bi${}_2$Fe${}_3$GaO${}_9$ with a Cairo lattice

Abstract

We have explored the relaxation process of the spin glass phase in Bi${}_2$Fe${}_3$GaO${}_9$, a geometrically frustrated magnet with a unique structure consisting of pentagonal building blocks known as the Cairo lattice. Using dc magnetization measurements on single crystals, we estimate the relaxation time across various temperatures and fields. Our results indicate that the relaxation time of Bi${}_2$Fe${}_3$GaO${}_9$ follows the Arrhenius law as a function of temperature but remains relatively constant as the applied magnetic field varies. Further, through a carefully designed protocol, we observe significant rejuvenation and memory effects. Remarkably, the memory effects in Bi${}_2$Fe${}_3$GaO${}_9$ are found to be more similar to those observed in classical spin glasses rather than in spin jamming systems, both in terms of the magnitude of the memory effect and the value of the exponent that describes the relaxation behavior. Our findings suggest that Bi${}_2$Fe${}_3$GaO${}_9$ provides an excellent platform for investigating the time-dependent evolution of underlying magnetism using neutron scattering, paving the way for future research.

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