True mass and atmospheric composition of the non-transiting hot Jupiter HD 143105 b

Abstract

We present Keck/KPIC phase II $K$-band observations of the non-transiting hot Jupiter HD 143105 b. Using a cross-correlation approach, we make the first detection of the planetary atmosphere at $K_p=185_{-13}^{+11}\mathrm{km}{\mathrm{s}}^{-1}$ and an inferior conjunction time 2.5 hours before the previously-published ephemeris. The retrieved $K_p$ value, in combination with orbital period, mass of the host star, and lack of transit detection, gives an orbital inclination of $78_{-12}^{\circ +2}$ and a true planet mass of 1.23$\pm 0.10{\mathrm{M}}_{\mathrm{J}}$. While the equilibrium temperature of HD 143105 b is in the transition regime between non-inverted and inverted atmospheres, our analysis strongly prefers a non-inverted atmosphere. Retrieval analysis indicates the atmosphere of HD 143105 b is cloud-free to approximately 1 bar and dominated by H${}_2$O absorption ($\log {\mathrm{H}}_2{\mathrm{O}}_{\mathrm{MMR}}=-3.9_{-0.5}^{+0.8}$), placing only an upper limit on the CO abundance ($\log \mathrm{C}{\mathrm{O}}_{\mathrm{MMR}}<-3.7$ at 95% confidence). We place no constraints on the abundances of Fe, Mg, or ${}^{13}$CO. From these abundances, we place an upper limit on the carbon-to-oxygen ratio for HD 143105 b, $C/O<0.2$ at 95% confidence, and find the atmospheric metallicity is approximately $0.1\times$ solar. The low metallicity may be responsible for the lack of a thermal inversion, which at the temperature of HD 143105 b would likely require significant opacity from TiO and/or VO. With these results, HD 143105 b joins the small number of non-transiting hot Jupiters with detected atmospheres.

19 pages, 7 figures, 2 tables. Accepted in AJ