The critical Karp--Sipser core of Erdős--Rényi random graphs

Abstract

The Karp--Sipser algorithm consists in removing recursively the leaves as well their unique neighbours and all isolated vertices of a given graph. The remaining graph obtained when there is no leaf left is called the Karp--Sipser core. When the underlying graph is the classical sparse Erdős--Rényi random graph $\mathrm{G}[n,\lambda /n]$, it is known to exhibit a phase transition at $\lambda =\mathrm{e}$. We show that at criticality, the Karp--Sipser core has size of order $n^{3/5}$, which proves a conjecture of Bauer and Golinelli. We provide the asymptotic law of this renormalized size as well as a description of the distribution of the core as a graph. Our approach relies on the differential equation method, and builds up on a previous work on a configuration model with bounded degrees.

40 pages; comments are welcome!