Measurement of off-shell Higgs boson production in the $H^{\ast }\to ZZ\to 4\ell$ decay channel using a neural simulation-based inference technique in 13 TeV $pp$ collisions with the ATLAS detector

Abstract

A measurement of off-shell Higgs boson production in the $H^{\ast }\to ZZ\to 4\ell$ decay channel is presented. The measurement uses 140 fb${}^{-1}$ of proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}=13$ TeV collected by the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider and supersedes the previous result in this decay channel using the same dataset. The data analysis is performed using a neural simulation-based inference method, which builds per-event likelihood ratios using neural networks. The observed (expected) off-shell Higgs boson production signal strength in the $ZZ\to 4\ell$ decay channel at 68% CL is $0.87_{-0.54}^{+0.75}$ ($1.00_{-0.95}^{+1.04}$). The evidence for off-shell Higgs boson production using the $ZZ\to 4\ell$ decay channel has an observed (expected) significance of $2.5\sigma$ ($1.3\sigma$). The expected result represents a significant improvement relative to that of the previous analysis of the same dataset, which obtained an expected significance of $0.5\sigma$. When combined with the most recent ATLAS measurement in the $ZZ\to 2\ell 2\nu$ decay channel, the evidence for off-shell Higgs boson production has an observed (expected) significance of $3.7\sigma$ ($2.4\sigma$). The off-shell measurements are combined with the measurement of on-shell Higgs boson production to obtain constraints on the Higgs boson total width. The observed (expected) value of the Higgs boson width at 68% CL is $4.3_{-1.9}^{+2.7}$ ($4.1_{-3.4}^{+3.5}$) MeV.

65 pages in total, author list starting page 48, 22 figures, 9 tables, published in Rep. Prog. Phys. All figures including auxiliary figures are available at https://atlas.web.cern.ch/Atlas/GROUPS/PHYSICS/PAPERS/HIGP-2024-14

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• Constraining off-shell Higgs boson production and the Higgs boson total width using $WW\to \ell \nu \ell \nu$ final states with the ATLAS detector
• Data-Driven High-Dimensional Statistical Inference with Generative Models
• Exploring the BSM parameter space with Neural Network aided Simulation-Based Inference
• Strong CWoLa: Binary Classification Without Background Simulation
• Theoretical modeling of QCD radiation in off-shell Higgs production through gluon fusion
• Measurement of the Higgs boson total decay width using the H $\to$ WW $\to$ e$\nu \mu \nu$ decay channel in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV