High-order asymptotic expansion for the nonlinear Klein-Gordon equation in the non-relativistic limit regime

Abstract

This paper presents an investigation into the high-order asymptotic expansion for 2D and 3D cubic nonlinear Klein-Gordon equations in the non-relativistic limit regime. There are extensive numerical and analytic results concerning that the solution of NLKG can be approximated by first-order modulated Schrödinger profiles in terms of $e^{i\frac{t}{{\epsilon }^2}}v+c.c.$, where $v$ is the solution of related NLS and ``$c.c.$" denotes the complex conjugate. Particularly, the best analytic result up to now is given in \cite{lei}, which proves that the $L_x^2$ norm of the error can be controlled by ${\epsilon }^2+({\epsilon }^{2}t{)}^{\frac{\alpha }{4}}$ for $H_x^{\alpha }$-data, $\alpha \in [1,4]$. As for the high-order expansion, to our best knowledge, there are only numerical results, while the theoretical one is lacking. In this paper, we extend this study further and give the first high-order analytic result. We introduce the high-order expansion inspired by the numerical experiments in \cite{schratz2020, faou2014a}: \[ e^{i\frac t {\varepsilon^2}}v +\varepsilon^2 \Big( \frac 18 e^{3i\frac t {\varepsilon^2} }v^3 +e^{i\frac t {\varepsilon^2}} w \Big) +c.c., \] where $w$ is the solution to some specific Schrödinger-type equation. We show that the $L_x^2$ estimate of the error is of higher order ${\epsilon }^4+{\left({\epsilon }^{2}t\right)}^{\frac{\alpha }{4}}$ for $H_x^{\alpha }$-data, $\alpha \in [4,8]$.

38 pages