Measuring pair correlations in Bose and Fermi gases via atom-resolved microscopy

Abstract

We demonstrate atom-resolved detection of itinerant bosonic ${}^{23}$Na and fermionic ${}^6$Li quantum gases, enabling the direct in situ measurement of interparticle correlations. In contrast to prior work on lattice-trapped gases, here we realize microscopy of quantum gases in the continuum. We reveal Bose-Einstein condensation with single-atom resolution, measure the enhancement of two-particle $g^{(2)}$ correlations of thermal bosons, and observe the suppression of $g^{(2)}$ for fermions; the Fermi or exchange hole. For strongly interacting Fermi gases confined to two dimensions, we directly observe non-local fermion pairs in the BEC-BCS crossover. We obtain the pairing gap, the pair size, and the short-range contact directly from the pair correlations. In situ thermometry is enabled via the fluctuation-dissipation theorem. Our technique opens the door to the atom-resolved study of strongly correlated quantum gases of bosons, fermions, and their mixtures.

9 pages, 7 figures

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Cited by in corpus (11)

• Quantum Gas Microscopy of Fermions in the Continuum
• Microsecond-scale high-survival and number-resolved detection of ytterbium atom arrays
• Observing Spatial Charge and Spin Correlations in a Strongly-Interacting Fermi Gas
• Diagnosing electronic phases of matter using photonic correlation functions
• Multi-state detection and spatial addressing in a microscope for ultracold molecules
• Weighted Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov method for interacting fermions: An application to ultracold Fermi superfluids
• A critical assessment of the current implementations of the Generator Coordinate Method
• Correlated many-body quantum dynamics of the Peregrine soliton
• Dynamical localization of interacting ultracold atoms in one-dimensional quasi-periodic potentials
• Pauli crystal superradiance
• Suppression and enhancement of bosonic stimulation by atomic interactions