Characterization of Square Values and Power Sums of Consecutive Lucas Numbers

Abstract

We establish several Diophantine results involving Lucas and Fibonacci numbers. First, we prove that $L_n=3x^2$ has the unique positive integer solution $(n,x)=(2,1)$. We also show that $F_n=5x^2$ admits only the solution $(n,x)=(5,1)$. We then prove that the equation $L_n^2+L_{n+1}^2=x^2$ has the unique solution $(n,x)=(2,5)$. Finally, we completely determine all non-negative integer solutions of the generalized equation $L_n^{\alpha }+L_{n+1}^{\alpha }=x^2.$