The non-relativistic expansion of Dirac-Coulomb energy and the non-retarded Breit interaction correction up to ${\alpha }^8$order

Abstract

The relativistic corrections for the Dirac-Coulomb system are derived through the method of non-relativistic expansion. By expanding the large and small components of the Dirac wave function and the energy eigenvalues in terms of the square of the fine-structure constant ${\alpha }^2$, we obtain iterative equations for calculating the higher-order relativistic corrections of Coulomb systems. For a single-electron system, the operator results of the iterative equations are consistent with those in the literature Ref[J.Phys.B,At.Mol.Opt.Phys.{\bf 56} 045001]. Using these iterative equations, we numerically calculate the relativistic corrections up to the order of ${\alpha }^{20}$ for the hydrogen atom, which converge rapidly to the analytical results of the hydrogen atom. For the two-electron Dirac-Coulomb system, we also present iterative equations for calculating high-order energy corrections, as well as numerical energy corrections of ground state up to the order of ${\alpha }^8$. This work also presents the non-relativistic expansion form of non-retarded Breit interaction correction. The ${\alpha }^4$ order correction to the Dirac Coulomb energy and non-retarded Breit interaction corresponds precisely to the ${\alpha }^4$ order relativistic correction. Higher-order expansion terms contribute at even powers of $\alpha$, which represent the contributions from all Coulomb photons and single transverse photons under the non-retarded approximation.