Extension of Babinet's relations to reflective metasurfaces: Application to the simultaneous control of wavefront and polarization

Abstract

We extend Babinet's relations, which are originally derived for transmissive metasurfaces, to reflective metasurfaces embedding planar metallic structures in a substrate containing a reflection mirror. To verify the extended Babinet's relations, we investigate two types of reflective metasurfaces embedding self-complementary structures, which produce $\pi$-phase difference between two orthogonal linear polarizations under specific conditions required for the extended Babinet's relations. Both theoretical and experimental studies demonstrate a metasurface-based half-wave plate with a reflective metasurface including single self-complementary structures in the terahertz regions. In addition, we study a reflective metasurface with embedded self-complementary structures with phase gradient in reflection, and demonstrate simultaneous implementation of anomalous reflection and polarization conversion with high efficiency.

12 pages, 11 figures

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• Giant gyrotropy due to electromagnetic coupling
• Anisotropic Babinet-invertible metasurfaces to realize transmission-reflection switching for orthogonal polarizations of light
• Broadband operation of active terahertz quarter-wave plate achieved with vanadium-dioxide-based metasurface switchable by current injection