Traces of powers of random matrices over local fields

Abstract

Let $M$ be chosen uniformly at random w.r.t. the Haar measure on the unitary group $U_n$, the unitary symplectic group $US{p}_{2n}$ or the orthogonal group $O_n$. Diaconis and Shashahani proved that the traces $\mathrm{tr}(M),\mathrm{tr}(M^2),\dots ,\mathrm{tr}(M^k)$ converge in distribution to independent normal random variables as $k$ is fixed and $n\to \infty$. Recently, Gorodetsky and Rodgers proved analogs for these results for matrices chosen from certain finite matrix groups. For example, let $M$ be chosen uniformly at random from $U_n({\mathbb{F}}_q)$. They show that $\{\mathrm{tr}(M^i){\}}_{i=1,p\nmid i}^k$ converge in distribution to independent uniform random variables in ${\mathbb{F}}_{q^2}$ as $k$ is fixed and $n\to \infty$. We prove analogs for these results over local fields. Let $\mathcal{F}$ be a local field with a ring of integers $\mathcal{O}$, a uniformizer $\pi$, and a residue field of odd characteristic. Let $\mathcal{K}/\mathcal{F}$ be an unramified extension of degree $2$ with a ring of integers $\mathcal{R}$. Let $M$ be chosen uniformly at random w.r.t. the Haar measure on the unitary group $U_n(\mathcal{O})$, and fix $k$. We prove that the traces of powers $\{\mathrm{tr}(M^i){\}}_{i=1,p\nmid i}^k$ converge to independent uniform random variables on $\mathcal{R}$, as $n\to \infty$. We also consider the case where $k$ may tend to infinity with $n$. We show that for some constant $c$ (coming from the mod $\pi$ distribution), the total variation distance from independent uniform random variables on $\mathcal{R}$ is $o(1)$ as $n\to \infty$, as long as $k<c\cdot n$. We also consider other matrix groups over local fields and prove similar results for them. Moreover, we consider traces of powers $M^{pi}$ and traces of negative powers, and show that apart from certain necessary modular restrictions, they also equidistribute in the limit.

72 pages, comments are welocme!