Turbulent Pressure Support in Galaxy Clusters -- Impact of the Hydrodynamical Solver

Abstract

The amount of turbulent pressure in galaxy clusters is still debated, especially as for the impact of the dynamical state and the hydro-method used for simulations. We study the turbulent pressure fraction in the intra cluster medium of massive galaxy clusters. We aim to understand the impact of the hydrodynamical scheme, analysis method, and dynamical state on the final properties of galaxy clusters from cosmological simulations. We perform non-radiative simulations of a set of zoom-in regions of seven galaxy clusters with Meshless Finite Mass (MFM) and Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH). We use three different analysis methods based on: $(i)$ the deviation from hydrostatic equilibrium, $(ii)$ the solenoidal velocity component obtained by a Helmholtz-Hodge decomposition, and $(iii)$ the small-scale velocity obtained through a multi-scale filtering approach. We split the sample of simulated clusters into active and relaxed clusters. Our simulations predict an increased turbulent pressure fraction for active compared to relaxed clusters. This is especially visible for the velocity-based methods. For these, we also find increased turbulence for the MFM simulations compared to SPH, consistent with findings from more idealized simulations. The predicted non-thermal pressure fraction varies between a few percent for relaxed clusters and $\approx 13\%$ for active ones within the cluster center and increases towards the outskirts. No clear trend with redshift is visible. Our analysis quantitatively assesses the importance played by the hydrodynamical scheme and the analysis method to determine the non-thermal/turbulent pressure fraction. While our setup is relatively simple (non-radiative runs), our simulations show agreement with previous, more idealized simulations, and make a step further toward the understanding of turbulence.

15 pages, 10 figures, accepted for publication in A&A

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• The signature of major mergers on the hydrostatic mass bias of galaxy clusters
• Braginskii Viscosity in Cosmological Simulations of Galaxy Clusters: Implementation, Validation, and First Application