Deriving friction force using fractional calculus

Abstract

The friction force is derived using fractional calculus by considering the non-uniform flow of time in dissipative processes. The approach incorporates inhomogeneous velocity without unphysical approximations, resulting in a Lagrangian where the order of fractional derivatives measures time intervals. The fractional term in the Lagrangian provides correct Euler-Lagrange, and ultimately, the Hamilton equations, and vanishes during energy change measurements, like a ghost.