On trilinear and quadrilinear equations associated with the lattice Gel'fand-Dikii hierarchy

Abstract

Introduced in 2012, by Zhang, Zhao, and Nijhoff, the trilinear Boussinesq equation is the natural form of the equation for the $\tau$-function of the lattice Boussinesq system. In this paper we study various aspects of this equation: its highly nontrivial derivation from the bilinear lattice AKP equation under dimensional reduction, a quadrilinear dual lattice equation, conservation laws, and periodic reductions leading to higher-dimensional integrable maps and their Laurent property. Furthermore, we consider a higher Gel'fand-Dikii lattice system, its periodic reductions and Laurent property. As a special application, from both a trilinear Boussinesq recurrence as well as a higher Gel'fand-Dikii system of three bilinear recurrences, we establish Somos-like integer sequences.

13 pages, 5 figures, Submitted to a special issue devoted to the celebration of 120 years from the day of birth of the famous Soviet mathematician A. Kolmogorov