Kinetic Solitary Electrostatic Structures in Collisionless Plasma: Phase-Space Holes
arXiv:2407.08539 · doi:10.1103/RevModPhys.96.045007
Abstract
The physics of isolated plasma potential structures sustained by a deficit of phase-space density on trapped orbits, commonly known as electron or ion holes, is reviewed. The principles of their equilibria are explained and illustrated, and contrasted with solitons. A literature review mostly prior to 2016 highlights the key historical developments of the field. Progress since, especially in hole acceleration, stability, and multi-dimensional effects, is summarized in more detail.
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