Warping labeling for twisted knots and twisted virtual braids

Abstract

In this paper, we introduce the concept of the warping degree for twisted knots, construct an invariant for them, and utilize it to establish a labeling scheme for these knots, known as ``warping labeling". We have identified that a warping labeling can be extended to twisted virtual braids, enabling the creation of a function that remains invariant under all R-moves except the R2 move. By limiting the labeling set to ${\mathbb{Z}}_2$, we can develop invariants for twisted virtual braids.