R-hulloid of the vertices of a tetrahedron

Abstract

The $R$-hulloid, in the Euclidean space ${\mathbb{R}}^3$, of the set of vertices $V$ of a tetrahedron $T$ is the minimal closed set containing $V$ such that its complement is the union of open balls of radius $R$. When $R$ is greater than the circumradius of $T$, the boundary of the $R$-hulloid consists of $V$ and possibly of four spherical subsets of well defined spheres of radius $R$ through the vertices of $T$. The existence of a value $R^{\ast }$ such that these subsets collapse into a point $O^{\ast }$, in the interior of $T$, is investigated; in such a case $O^{\ast }$ belongs to four spheres of radius $R^{\ast }$, each one through three vertices of $T$ and not containing the fourth one. As a consequence, the range of $\rho$ such that $V$ is a $\rho$-body is described completely. This work generalizes to dimension three previous results, proved in the planar case and related to the three circles Johnson's Theorem.

20 pages, 2 figures, to appear in Advances in Applied Mathematics (2026)