Direct measurement of a $\sin (2\phi )$ current phase relation in a graphene superconducting quantum interference device

Abstract

In a Josephson junction, the current phase relation relates the phase variation of the superconducting order parameter, $\phi$, between the two superconducting leads connected through a weak link, to the dissipationless current . This relation is the fingerprint of the junction. It is usually dominated by a $\sin (\phi )$ harmonic, however its precise knowledge is necessary to design superconducting quantum circuits with tailored properties. Here, we directly measure the current phase relation of a superconducting quantum interference device made with gate-tunable graphene Josephson junctions and we show that it can behave as a $\sin (2\phi )$ Josephson element, free of the traditionally dominant $\sin (\phi )$ harmonic. Such element will be instrumental for the development of superconducting quantum bits protected from decoherence.

arXiv comment15 pages, 3 figures, Supplemental Material in Ancillary files

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• Gate- and flux-tunable sin(2$\phi$) Josephson element with proximitized Ge-based junctions