Derivation of kinetic and diffusion equations from a hard-sphere Rayleigh gas using collision trees and semigroups

Abstract

We will revisit the classical questions of understanding the statistics of various deterministic dynamics of $N$ hard spheres of diameter $\epsilon$ with random initial data in the Boltzmann-Grad scaling as $\epsilon$ tends to zero and $N$ tends to infinity. The convergence of the empiric particle dynamics to the Boltzmann-type dynamics is shown using semigroup methods to describe probability measures on collision trees associated to physical trajectories in the case of a Rayleigh gas. As an application we derive the diffusion equation by a further rescaling.

To appear in LMS lecture notes for conference 'Dynamics, Bifurcations and Numerics', University of Surrey, July 2023