Observation of Floquet states in graphene

Abstract

Recent advances in the field of condensed-matter physics have unlocked the potential to realize and control emergent material phases that do not exist in thermal equilibrium. One of the most promising concepts in this regard is Floquet engineering, the coherent dressing of matter via time-periodic perturbations. However, the broad applicability of Floquet engineering to quantum materials is still unclear. For the paradigmatic case of monolayer graphene, the theoretically predicted Floquet-induced effects, despite a seminal report of the light-induced anomalous Hall effect, have been put into question. Here, we overcome this problem by using electronic structure measurements to provide direct experimental evidence of Floquet engineering in graphene. We report light-matter-dressed Dirac bands by measuring the contribution of Floquet sidebands, Volkov sidebands, and their quantum path interference to graphene's photoemission spectral function. Our results finally demonstrate that Floquet engineering in graphene is possible, paving the way for the experimental realization of the many theoretical proposals on Floquet-engineered band structures and topological phases.

4 main figures, 3 extended figures

References in corpus (12)

• Photovoltaic Hall effect in graphene
• Moiré heterostructures as a condensed matter quantum simulator
• Irradiated graphene as a tunable Floquet topological insulator
• Pseudospin-selective Floquet band engineering in black phosphorus
• Microscopic theory for the light-induced anomalous Hall effect in graphene
• Buildup and dephasing of Floquet-Bloch bands on subcycle time scales
• Theory of photoinduced Floquet Weyl semimetal phases
• Floquet engineering of black phosphorus upon below-gap pumping
• Direct observation of Floquet-Bloch states in monolayer graphene
• Ultrafast dynamics of bright and dark excitons in monolayer WSe${}_2$ and heterobilayer WSe${}_2$/MoS${}_2$
• Probing correlations in the exciton landscape of a moiré heterostructure
• Multiorbital exciton formation in an organic semiconductor

Cited by in corpus (24)

• Observation of Floquet-induced gap in graphene
• Floquet engineering spin triplet states in unconventional magnets
• Floquet optical selection rules in black phosphorus
• The Streda Formula for Floquet Systems: Topological Invariants and Quantized Anomalies from Cesaro Summation
• Hybrid Frenkel-Wannier excitons facilitate ultrafast energy transfer at a 2D-organic interface
• Quantum control of Hubbard excitons
• Asymmetry-induced radiative heat transfer in Floquet systems
• Flat bands in condensed-matter systems -- perspective for magnetism and superconductivity
• Quantum transport phenomena induced by time-dependent fields
• Floquet-Engineering Weyl Points and Linked Fermi Arcs from Straight Nodal Lines
• Robust purely optical signatures of Floquet states in laser-dressed crystals
• Bulk photogalvanic current control and gap spectroscopy in 2D hexagonal materials
• Stability of Floquet sidebands and quantum coherence in 1D strongly interacting spinless fermions
• Breakdown of Non-Bloch Bulk-Boundary Correspondence and Emergent Topology in Floquet Non-Hermitian Systems
• Emergent Weyl-like points in periodically modulated systems
• Laser-induced topological phases in monolayer amorphous carbon
• Topical review on acousto-optical Floquet engineering of single-photon emitters
• Many-body correlations in Floquet steady-states: Frequency-resolved renormalization group of the driven Anderson impurity
• Occupation Dynamics of Floquet-Volkov States and Spectral Sum Rule
• Floquet second-order topological insulator in strained graphene
• Nonequilibrium hysteretic phase transitions in periodically light-driven superconductors
• Dielectric Screening in Electromagnetic Dressing of Semiconductors
• $SU(N)$ spin-phonon simulations of Floquet dynamics in spin $S>1/2$ Mott insulators
• Floquet Control of Electron and Exciton Transport in Kekulé-Distorted Graphene