Modeling nonlinear scales with COLA: preparing for LSST-Y1

Abstract

Year 1 results of the Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST) will provide tighter constraints on small-scale cosmology, beyond the validity of linear perturbation theory. This heightens the demand for a computationally affordable prescription that can accurately capture nonlinearities in beyond-$\hat{I}›$CDM models. The COmoving Lagrangian Acceleration (COLA) method, a cost-effective \textit{N}-body technique, has been proposed as a viable alternative to high-resolution \textit{N}-body simulations for training emulators of the nonlinear matter power spectrum. In this study, we evaluate this approach by employing COLA emulators to conduct a cosmic shear analysis with LSST-Y1 simulated data across three different nonlinear scale cuts. We use the $w$CDM model, for which the \textsc{EuclidEmulator2} (\textsc{ee2}) exists as a benchmark, having been trained with high-resolution \textit{N}-body simulations. We primarily utilize COLA simulations with mass resolution $M_{\mathrm{part}}\approx 8\times 10^{10}{h}^{-1}{M}_{\odot }$ and force resolution ${\ell }_{\mathrm{force}}=0.5h^{-1}$Mpc, though we also test refined settings with $M_{\mathrm{part}}\approx 1\times 10^{10}{h}^{-1}{M}_{\odot }$ and force resolution ${\ell }_{\mathrm{force}}=0.17h^{-1}$Mpc. We find the performance of the COLA emulators is sensitive to the placement of high-resolution \textit{N}-body reference samples inside the prior, which only ensure agreement in their local vicinity. However, the COLA emulators pass stringent criteria in goodness-of-fit and parameter bias throughout the prior, when $\hat{I}›$CDM predictions of \textsc{ee2} are computed alongside every COLA emulator prediction, suggesting a promising approach for extended models.

18 pages, 18 figures, 10 tables. Version accepted for publication