Explaining Fermions Mass and Mixing Hierarchies through $U(1)_X$ and $Z_2$ Symmetries

Abdul Rahaman Shaikh; Rathin Adhikari

doi:10.1088/1572-9494/ad9c45

paper

Explaining Fermions Mass and Mixing Hierarchies through $U (1)_{X}$ and $Z_{2}$ Symmetries

arXiv:2404.11570 · doi:10.1088/1572-9494/ad9c45

Abstract

For understanding the hierarchies of fermion masses and mixing, we extend the Standard Model gauge group with $ U(1)_X $ and $ Z_2 $ symmetry. The field content of the Standard Model is augmented by three heavy right-handed neutrinos, two new scalar singlets, and a scalar doublet. $ U(1)_X $ charges of different fields are determined after satisfying anomaly cancellation conditions. In this scenario, the fermion masses are generated through higher-dimensional effective operators with $ O(1) $ Yukawa couplings. The small neutrino masses are obtained through type-1 seesaw mechanism using the heavy right-handed neutrino fields, whose masses are generated by the new scalar fields. We discuss the flavour-changing neutral current processes that arise due to the sequential nature of $ U(1)_X $ symmetry. We have written effective higher-dimensional operators in terms of renormalizable dimension-four operators by introducing vector-like fermions.

matches published version

Explaining Fermions Mass and Mixing Hierarchies through U(1)X​ and Z2​ Symmetries

Abstract

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Explaining Fermions Mass and Mixing Hierarchies through $U (1)_{X}$ and $Z_{2}$ Symmetries