Studying the Supernova Absolute Magnitude Constancy with Baryonic Acoustic Oscillations

Abstract

In this proceeding we review and expand on our recent work investigating the constancy of the absolute magnitude $M_B$ of Type Ia supernovae. In it, we used baryonic acoustic oscillations (BAO) to calibrate the supernova data and to check whether the resulting $M_B$ is constant. We used non-parametric methods like Gaussian processes and artificial neural networks to reconstruct $M_B(z)$. Here we elaborate on the results by putting them in the context of other studies investigating possible non-constant $M_B$ and the impact of the distance-duality relation. We also present some numerical details on the calculations in the original paper and new non-parametric reconstructions, including a conservative model-independent fit, confirming its main results. Notably, we see that $M_B$ remains constant within $1\sigma$, with a possible jump around $z=0.01-0.15$. Furthermore, the observed distribution of $M_B(z)$ cannot be described by a single Gaussian, displaying multiple peaks and tails. The choice of the only remaining parameter -- the sound horizon $r_d$ leads to a tension in the $M_B-r_d$ plane. Fitting different non-constant $M_B(z)$ models does not significantly improve the fit and there is no preference for any of the models by the statistical measures we employ.

16 pages, 5 figures, Proceedings of the Corfu Summer Institute 2023 "Tensions in Cosmology", revised version with fixed typos and added reference