Homotopy classification of knotted defects in ordered media

Abstract

We give a homotopy classification of the global defects in ordered media, and explain it via the example of biaxial nematic liquid crystals, i.e., systems where the order parameter space is the quotient of the $3$-sphere $S^3$ by the quaternion group $Q$. As our mathematical model we consider continuous maps from complements of spatial graphs to the space $S^3/Q$ modulo a certain equivalence relation, and find that the equivalence classes are enumerated by the six subgroups of $Q$. Through monodromy around meridional loops, the edges of our spatial graphs are marked by conjugacy classes of $Q$; once we pass to planar diagrams, these labels can be refined to elements of $Q$ associated to each arc. The same classification scheme applies not only in the case of $Q$ but also to arbitrary groups.

15 pages, 19 figures, to appear in Proceedings of the Royal Society A

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Cited by in corpus (3)

• Topological Rigidity and Non-Abelian defect junctions in chiral nematic systems with effective biaxial symmetry
• Dislocations and Fibrations: The Topological Structure of Knotted Smectic Defects
• Homotopy classification of knotted defects in bounded domains