Universal Behavior of Tunneling Time and Barrier Time-Delay Decoupling in Attoclock Measurements

Abstract

The measurement of the tunneling time-delay is hotly debated and remains controversial. In previous works, we showed that a model that accurately describes the time-delay measured by the attoclock experiment in adiabatic and nonadiabatic field calibrations. In the present work, we show that the tunneling time reveals a universal behavior with disentangled contributions. Even more remarkable is that the barrier tunneling time-delay can be convincingly defined and determined from the difference between the time-delay of adiabatic and nonadiabatic tunnel-ionization, which also show good agreement with experimental results. Furthermore, we illustrate that in the weak measurement limit, the barrier time-delay corresponds to the Larmor-clock time and the interaction time within the barrier.

arXiv comment6 pages, 4 figures