Average variance bounds for integer points on the sphere

Abstract

Let $\hat{\mathcal{E}}(n)$ denote the set of integer points on the sphere $|\mathbf{x}{|}^2=n$, projected radially onto the unit sphere. Under the usual congruence conditions on $n$, Duke proved that these points become equidistributed as $n\to \infty$. To study their finer-scale distribution, we consider the variance of the number of projected lattice points contained in a spherical cap. Bourgain, Rudnick, and Sarnak conjectured an asymptotic formula for this variance. We prove an unconditional upper bound of the conjectured order of magnitude after averaging over the squared radius $n$, and we obtain a corresponding estimate for averages over sufficiently long intervals.

16 pages; cleaned up