Lattice QCD and Baryon-Baryon Interactions

Abstract

In this chapter, the current status on baryon-baryon interactions such as nuclear forces in lattice Quantum ChromoDynamics (QCD) is reviewed. In studies of baryon-baryon interactions in lattice QCD, the most reliable method so far is the potential method, proposed by the Hadrons to Atomic nuclei from Lattice QCD (HAL QCD) collaboration, whose formulation, properties and extensions are explained in detail. Using the HAL QCD potential method, potentials between nucleons (proton and neutron, denoted by $N$) in the derivative expansion have been extracted in various cases. The lattice QCD results shown in this chapter include a Leading Order (LO) central potential in the parity-even $NN{(}^1{S}_0)$ channel, LO central and tensor potentials in the parity-even $NN{(}^3{S}_1$-${}^3{D}_1)$ channel, and a Next-to-Leading Order (NLO) spin-orbit potential as well as LO potentials in the parity-odd channels. Preliminary results at the almost physical pion and kaon masses, in addition to exploratory studies on three-nucleon potentials, are presented. Interactions between generic baryons including hyperons, made of one or more strange quarks as well as up and down quarks, have also been investigated. Universal properties of potentials between baryons become manifest in the flavor SU(3) symmetric limit, where masses of three quarks, up, down and strange, are all equal. In particular, it is observed that one bound state, traditionally called the $H$-dibaryon, appears in the flavor singlet representation of SU(3). A fate of the $H$ dibaryon is also discussed with flavor SU(3) breaking taken into account at the almost physical point. Finally, various kinds of dibaryons, bound or resonate states of two baryons, including charmed dibaryons, have been predicted by lattice QCD simulations at the almost physical point.

29 pages and 14 figures, Contribution to "Handbook of Nuclear Physics" (Springer, 2023)

References in corpus (12)

• Chiral effective field theory and nuclear forces
• Ab-initio Determination of Light Hadron Masses
• Nuclear Force from Lattice QCD
• Ab initio calculation of the neutron-proton mass difference
• Light Nuclei and Hypernuclei from Quantum Chromodynamics in the Limit of SU(3) Flavor Symmetry
• Baryon-baryon interactions in the SU6 quark model and their applications to light nuclear systems
• Baryon-Baryon Interactions in the Flavor SU(3) Limit from Full QCD Simulations on the Lattice
• Baryon-Baryon Interactions and Spin-Flavor Symmetry from Lattice Quantum Chromodynamics
• Spin-2 $N\Omega$ Dibaryon from Lattice QCD
• Unified contraction algorithm for multi-baryon correlators on the lattice
• Nuclear Force from Monte Carlo Simulations of Lattice Quantum Chromodynamics
• Construction of energy-independent potentials above inelastic thresholds in quantum field theories