Background independent tensor networks

Abstract

Conventional holographic tensor networks can be described as toy holographic maps constructed from many small linear maps acting in a spatially local way, all connected together with ``background entanglement'', i.e. links of a fixed state, often the maximally entangled state. However, these constructions fall short of modeling real holographic maps. One reason is that their ``areas'' are trivial, taking the same value for all states, unlike in gravity where the geometry is dynamical. Recently, new constructions have ameliorated this issue by adding degrees of freedom that ``live on the links''. This makes areas non-trivial, equal to the background entanglement piece plus a new positive piece that depends on the state of the link degrees of freedom. Nevertheless, this still has the downside that there is background entanglement, and hence it only models relatively limited code subspaces in which every area has a definite minimum value given by the background entanglement. In this note, we simply point out that a version of these constructions goes one step further: they can be background independent, with no background entanglement in the holographic map. This is advantageous because it allows tensor networks to model holographic maps for larger code subspaces. In addition to pointing this out, we address some subtleties involved in making it work and point out a nice connection it offers to recent discussions of random CFT data.

18 pages, 2 figures, v2 added citation and fixed typos, v3 clarified wording

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Cited by in corpus (5)

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• Multipartite edge modes and tensor networks
• Deriving the non-perturbative gravitational dual of quantum Liouville theory from BCFT operator algebra
• Holographic Tensor Networks as Tessellations of Geometry
• Coarse-Grained Fixed-Point Tensor Networks and Holographic Reflected Entropy in 3D Gravity