How many vector charmonium(-like) states sit in the energy range from $4.2$ to $4.35$ GeV?

Abstract

In recent years many vector charmonium(-like) states were reported by different electron-positron collider experiments above $4.2$ GeV. However, so far, there not only exists sizable tension in the parameters of those states, but there is also no consensus on the number of the vector states in this energy range. To some extend, this might be caused by the fact that the experimental data were typically analyzed in single channel analyses employing overlapping Breit-Wigner functions, in particular ignoring the effect of opening thresholds. In this study, we focus on the mass range between $4.2$ and $4.35$ GeV, conducting a comprehensive analysis of eight different final states in $e^{+}{e}^{-}$ annihilation. Our findings demonstrate that, within this mass range, a single vector charmonium-like state, exhibiting properties consistent with a $D_1\bar{D}$ molecular structure and characterized by a pole location $\sqrt{s_{\text{pole}}^{Y(4230)}}=\left(4227\pm 3-\frac{i}{2}(50_{-5}^{+10})\right)\text{MeV}$, can effectively describe all the collected data. This is made possible by allowing for an interference with the well-established vector chamonium $\ddot{I}ˆ(4160)$ along with the inclusion of the $D_1\bar{D}$ threshold effect. Moreover, in contrast to experimental analyses, our study reveals that the highly asymmetric total cross sections for $e^{+}{e}^{-}\to J/\ddot{I}ˆ\ddot{I}€\ddot{I}€$ and $e^{+}{e}^{-}\to J/\ddot{I}ˆK\bar{K}$ around 4230 MeV stem from the same physics, rooted in the approximate SU(3) flavor symmetry of QCD.

42 pages, published in PRD