Metric Spaces in Which Many Triangles Are Degenerate

Abstract

Richmond and Richmond (American Mathematical Monthly 104 (1997), 713--719) proved the following theorem: If, in a metric space with at least five points, all triangles are degenerate, then the space is isometric to a subset of the real line. We prove that the hypothesis is unnecessarily strong: In a metric space on $n$ points, fewer than $7n^2/6$ suitably placed degenerate triangles suffice. However, fewer than $n(n-1)/2$ degenerate triangles, no matter how cleverly placed, never suffice.

Supersedes arXiv:2209.14361 [math.MG]