Eigenstates in the self-organised criticality

Abstract

We employ the eigen microstate approach to explore the self-organized criticality (SOC) in two celebrated sandpile models, namely, the BTW model and the Manna model. In both models, phase transitions from the absorbing-state to the critical state can be understood by the emergence of dominant eigen microstates with significantly increased weights. Spatial eigen microstates of avalanches can be uniformly characterized by a linear system size rescaling. The first temporal eigen microstates reveal scaling relations in both models. Furthermore, by finite-size scaling analysis of the first eigen microstate, we numerically estimate critical exponents i.e., $\sqrt{{\sigma }_0{w}_1}/{\tilde{v}}_1\propto L^D$ and ${\tilde{v}}_1\propto L^{D(1-{\tau }_s)/2}$. Our findings could provide profound insights into eigen states of the universality and phase transition in non-equilibrium complex systems governed by self-organized criticality.