Axion-Like Particle Detection in Alkali-Noble-Gas Haloscopes

Abstract

Revealing the essence of dark matter (DM) and dark energy is essential for understanding our universe. Ultralight (rest energy $<$10 eV) bosonic particles, including pseudoscalar axions and axion-like particles (ALPs) have emerged among leading candidates to explain the composition of DM and searching for them has become an important part of precision-measurement science. Ultrahigh-sensitivity alkali-noble-gas based comagnetometers and magnetometers are being used as powerful haloscopes, i.e., devices designed to search for DM present in the galactic halo. A broad variety of such devices include clock-comparison comagnetometers, self-compensating comagnetometers, hybrid-spin-resonance magnetometer, spin-exchange-relaxation-free magnetometers, nuclear magnetic-resonance magnetometers, Floquet magnetometers, masers, as well as devices like the cosmic axion spin-precession experiment (CASPEr) using liquid ${}^{129}$Xe, prepolarized via spin-exchange optical pumping with rubidium atoms. The combination of alkali metal and noble gas allows one to take the best advantage of the complementary properties of the two spin systems. This review summarizes the operational principles, experimental setups and the successful explorations of new physics using these haloscopes. Additionally, some limiting factors are pointed out for further improvement.

References in corpus (12)

• Ultralight scalars as cosmological dark matter
• Spin-Dependent Macroscopic Forces from New Particle Exchange
• Squeezed-Light Optical Magnetometry
• Search for axionlike dark matter with a liquid-state nuclear spin comagnetometer
• New Constraints on Exotic Spin-Velocity-Dependent Interactions
• Search for axion-like dark matter using solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance
• Constraints on axion-like dark matter from a SERF comagnetometer
• Laboratory Constraints on the Neutron-Spin Coupling of feV-scale Axions
• Limits on axions and axionlike particles within the axion window using a spin-based amplifier
• Search for spin-dependent gravitational interactions at the Earth range
• Stable Atomic Magnetometer in Parity-Time Symmetry Broken Phase
• Axion Dark Matter

Cited by in corpus (1)

• Spin-dependent exotic interactions