A universal scheme to self-test any quantum state or measurement
arXiv:2312.04405 · doi:10.1038/s41567-026-03181-y
Abstract
The emergence of quantum devices has raised a significant issue: how to certify the quantum properties of a device without placing trust in it. To characterise quantum states and measurements in a device-independent way, up to some degree of freedom, we can make use of a technique known as self-testing. While schemes have been proposed to self-test all pure multipartite entangled states (up to complex conjugation) and real local projective measurements, little has been done to certify mixed entangled states, composite or non-projective measurements. By employing the framework of quantum networks, we propose a scheme for self-testing (up to complex conjugation) arbitrary extremal measurements, including the projective ones, but also, in an indirect way, any quantum state, including the mixed ones and any quantum measurement, including non-extremal ones. The quantum network considered in this work is the simple star network, which is implementable using current technologies. For our purposes, we also construct a scheme that can be used to self-test the two-dimensional tomographically complete set of measurements with an arbitrary number of parties.
References in corpus (21)
- Bell nonlocality
- Robust Self Testing of the Singlet
- All Pure Bipartite Entangled States can be Self-Tested
- Sum-of-squares decompositions for a family of CHSH-like inequalities and their application to self-testing
- Classical randomness in quantum measurements
- All the self-testings of the singlet for two binary measurements
- Self-testing protocols based on the chained Bell inequalities
- Scalable Bell inequalities for qubit graph states and robust self-testing
- Robust self testing of the 3-qubit state
- Mutually unbiased bases and symmetric informationally complete measurements in Bell experiments
- Self-testing entangled measurements in quantum networks
- Maximal nonlocality from maximal entanglement and mutually unbiased bases, and self-testing of two-qutrit quantum systems
- Quantum networks self-test all entangled states
- Experimental refutation of real-valued quantum mechanics under strict locality conditions
- Device-Independent Certification of Genuinely Entangled Subspaces
- Maximal randomness from partially entangled states
- Experimental full network nonlocality with independent sources and strict locality constraints
- Self-testing of multipartite GHZ states of arbitrary local dimension with arbitrary number of measurements per party
- Self-testing nonlocality without entanglement
- All Real Projective Measurements Can be Self-tested
- Self-testing composite measurements and bound entangled state in a single quantum network