An Eternal gravitational collapse in $f(R)$ theory of gravity and their astrophysical implications

Abstract

In this work, we explore the eternal collapsing phenomenon of a stellar system (e.g., a star) within the framework of $f(R)$ gravity and investigate some new aspects of the continued homogeneous gravitational collapse with perfect fluid distribution. The exact solutions of field equations have been obtained in an independent way by the parameterization of the expansion scalar ($\Theta$) governed by the interior spherically symmetric FLRW metric. We impose the Darmois junction condition required for the smooth matching of the interior region to the Schwarzschild exterior metric across the boundary hypersurface of the star. The junction conditions demand that the pressure is non-vanishing at the boundary and is proportional to the non-linear terms of $f(R)$ gravity, and the mass function $m(t,r)$ is equal to Schwarzschild mass $M$. The eight massive stars, namely $Westerhout49-2,BAT99-98,R136a1,R136a2,WR24,Pismis24-1$, $\lambda -Cephei$, and $\beta -CanisMajoris$ with their known astrophysical data (masses and radii) are used to estimate the numerical values of the model parameters which allows us to study the solutions numerically and graphically. Here we have discussed two $f(R)$ gravity models describing the collapse phenomenon. The singularity analysis of models is discussed via the apparent horizon and we have shown that stars tend to collapse for an infinite co-moving time in order to attain the singularity (an eternal collapsing phenomenon). We have also shown that our models satisfy the energy conditions and stability requirements for stellar systems.

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Cited by in corpus (1)

• Black hole formation in gravitational collapse and their astrophysical implications